To understand the hybridization, polarity and molecular geometry of the Ozone molecule it is crucial to know the Lewis structure of the same. Now, a lot of people ask why it is necessary to know the Lewis structure of any given molecule or compound. The answer to this question is simple; this structure helps in understanding the basic structure, electrons that take part in bond formation along with the charges on a given atom.
Lewis structure is based on the octet rule. The octet rule states that there should be eight electrons in the outer shell or orbit of the atom for the molecule to be stable. Lewis structure helps to know the number of valence electrons in the molecule. Valence electrons are the electrons that participate in bond forming and nonbonding electrons pairs.
The electrons that take part in the bond formation are known as bonding pairs of electrons. These electrons are represented by drawing lines in the Lewis structure.
Whereas the electrons that do not take part in the bond formation are non-bonding pairs of electrons. Dots around the central atom represent these electrons. In Ozone or O3, there are six valence electrons for each molecule of Oxygen. Thus there are a total of 18 valence electrons available for Ozone molecule. As the octet rule applies in this structure , the central atom is the first one that should have eight electrons in its outer shell.
So one molecule of the Oxygen is in the centre with the other two are on the opposite sides. The central atom has one lone pair of electrons and is stable due to the eight electrons in its outermost orbit. To satisfy the octet rule, a central atom needs to form a double bond on either of its sides with an Oxygen molecule and another single bond.
Hence, we see that O 3 is a stronger oxidizing agent than O 2. Our knowledge of chemistry predicts that high concentrations of ozone might be unhealthy because it is a stronger oxidizer than oxygen and might therefore damage lung tissue. A number of tissue culture and animal studies confirm this hypothesis. In vitro exposure to ozone causes airway epithelium damage and lipid oxidation. Human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to ozone in tissue culture release molecules that cause inflammation.
Asthma is essentially an inflammation of the airways, and air pollution that causes inflammation is suspected of triggering asthma attacks. However, there is clinical evidence both for and against ozone as a cause of asthma. In vivo exposure of guinea pigs to ozone causes DNA strand breaks in tracheobronchial epithelial cells. This may mean that high ozone concentrations will contribute to increased incidence of lung cancer.
The relationship between ozone levels and public health is an active area of research, and we are sure to learn more in the next few years.
Because one oxygen has only six electrons, we convert a lone pair on center oxygen atom to make a bond with that oxygen atom as in the following figure. Now, you can see, every oxygen atom has eight electrons in their valence shells. Therefore, this structure is much stable than previous structure. But, we cannot convert more lone pair to bonds. So, this structure is the best lewis structure of O 3.
A oxygen atom has six electron in its valence shell. In O 3 molecule, there are three oxygen atoms. Therefore, there are total of 18 valence electrons in ozone molecule. O 3 lewis structure In the lewis structure of NH 3 , you can see there are one double bond and one single bond between oxygen atoms.
Steps of drawing lewis structure of O 3 There are several steps to draw the lewis structure of O 3. Determine total number of electrons of the valance shells of oxygen atoms Total electrons pairs existing as lone pairs and bonds Center atom selection and drawing the sketch Mark lone pairs on atoms Mark charges on atoms if there are charges on atoms.
Check the stability and minimize charges on atoms by converting lone pairs to bonds to obtain best lewis structure. Total number of electrons of the valance shells of O 3 There is only oxygen as an element in ozone. Sketch and selection of center atom of O 3 molecule Because there is only oxygen as an element, no need to worry about selecting the center atom.
Therefore we can draw the sketch of O 3 Lone pairs on atoms After determining the center atom and sketch of O 3 molecule, we can start to mark lone pairs on atoms. There are already two O-O bonds in the above drawn sketch. Therefore, there are only seven electron pairs remains to mark on atoms.
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