If they make their jobs well, it is not a bad thing to like them. However some people work as a celebrity and impress lots of people from children to adults, so it is important to understand who is a worthless celebrity or a good musician. A lot of celebrities behave themselves in bad way, but there are some, who are really good role models and who are worth emulating. I didn't make a research in this area myself, but I think the author partially right. Yes, there is a bad influence some celebraties on some children, but it depends on children and their parents.
Children with lack of parents' attention tend to find a joy in worship some super stars. I think, at first, children should think about studying, have some hobbies, interract with their parents more and have closer relationship with them.
Of course, it's depends also on their parents. As for me, I like some actors, musicians, but I never worship them. There is no sense in worship anyone. All people should feel thier own personality and uniqueness so it's not necessary to have an idol who becomes a role model for their funs. You can admire someone without cult.
Just try to feel your self-esteem and dignity. Well, I don't think celebrities are bad for us. We can find ourselves when listening to their music. We choose the celebrity that we have something to learn from, which has a talent, a personality.
For example, there are lots and lots of celebrities who helped fans. Such as Ariana Grande and Taylor Swift. At the moment they are helping fans to get through the coronavirus pandemic, by sending amounts of money, and many others they've done since their career started. So we can obviously observe that we have something to learn from them.
No matter what bad things they have done, in life, there are no humans with no mistakes on this planet. I don't agree that celebrities make disastrous role models. Firstly, celebrities influence fashion by wearing whatever is in style at the time but they also create trends for themselves. As a result, they have mostly contributed to the development of the fashion industry.
Secondly, nobody is perfect even famous people. They can make mistakes, say something wrong, and do wrong things. But they are trained people who learn how to conceal their flaws to expose good things and strengths.
Therefore, we are progressive people who can always learn and select appropriately from the right things. To be honest, I'm not interested in celebrities. I think no one can be a good role model. But I highly appreciate their charity works, the fantastic things, and the determination that they inspire to today's young generation. It is not bad to have a role model, normally, we follow the celebrities with whom we identify, although there are celebrities who have not done the right things or that are not "appropriate" but I believe that each of us is free to choose who We continue and who does not.
I think that having a role model isn't bad beacause you have something to continue with or something that motivates you to stay. It is not bad to have a celebrity as a role model. What's on to look is you are making the right choice while choosing someone you want to be like. Choose someone who's really worth the award of being a role model. It's true that not everybody's alike.
For example, Sushant Singh Rajput, an actor, was a true influencer. I think it depends on the celebrity you like, I think they are good and bad celebrities and the person decides whether or not they like the celebrity, be good or bad. They are famous because of the thing that they do, they should do a good thing which is not harmful for anyone, that what they should do.
Yeah some of us could take them as a role model and it is fine as long as they do not judge them when they do mistakes and it should be by their own desire to take them as a role model if they like them in something. The parents and the adults around the children and teenagers must be aware if who celebrities they like and share with them, and teach them what are the things that they should follow or not, and always be with them.
I hate when people blame the celebrities about their children's bad behavior, it is not their fault. There is nothing wrong with being a fan for someone famous, but being too obsessed it is not healthy, but i think it is a teenager thing being obsessed with something and have impulsive feelings.
In the last it is a horrible feeling when you do mistake and people make it bigger mistake cause they think you are perfect or an angel who never do anything wrong. I don't think that they are bad because we have to remember, were not all perfect.
We all make mistakes. Everybody has those days. Not every celebrity is downright awful. Sure, they have their ups and downs, but us as humans and a social economic society, need people to "worship". Pregnancy lips…. EOS to the rescue! However, as these kinds of product placements disguised as normal posts can be regarded as a deceptive form of marketing, there are efforts underway to help identify these sponsored posts as ads. Celebrity endorsement is generally seen as a viable option for brands to increase awareness, build credibility and promote products.
A number that is even higher in other markets. As consumers are becoming better educated and have faster access to information, blind faith in celebrity endorsement is beginning to wane. They will be attracted to a brand because of a celebrity but they will quickly move away if the product does not perform. Will their money be well spent? Are there better alternatives? Is it the best product for them and their situation?
Branding wiz Charles R. A brand needs to tell the consumer why a product makes sense for them as individuals and what problem they can solve with it, not solely rely on a real-life Barbie doll, athlete or pop-culture icon. For some people more and some less. Marketing values have changed throughout the years as well. Brands need to provide tools to help consumers validate the individual fit of a product or service for their individual situation.
And most consumers know it. At the end of the day, a brand must let consumers know why to buy their products, not the celebrity. According to Rhodes , as cited in Darling et al.
We also expected correspondence between type of celebrity chosen and the qualities adolescents associated with them, in that highly visible celebrities would be associated with appearance, whereas athletes and non-artists would be appreciated for their talents. We also expected PSR to be associated with high involvement, intensity, and investment in parasocial activities. As for gender differences, we expected greater endorsement of athletes among boys and actresses among girls, higher rates of involvement, intensity, and PSR in girls than boys, and for boys to appreciate their celebrities for their talents more often than girls.
Lastly, we expected girls to be more private about their parasocial activities than boys. However, seven girls 6. Participation This study was carried out with the approval of and in accordance with the recommendations of the Wellesley College Ethics Review Board with written informed consent from parents and assent from all participants in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
We focused on same-sex celebrities for consistency with prior research e. Celebrities that fit into multiple categories e. Disagreements were resolved by discussion. Participants were presented with a list of adjectives and asked to circle all those that represented qualities that they admired in their chosen celebrity. A small focus group, including two experts on adolescence and an undergraduate, generated these adjectives as words describing characteristics typically admired in celebrities.
Adjectives included funny, appearance, sense of style, talented, caring, charming, beautiful, thoughtful, friendly, generous, entertaining, kind, interesting, smart, charismatic, outgoing , and good-looking.
Participants were also given space to list their own adjectives. An exploratory principal axis factor analysis, with promax rotation SPSS , revealed a three-factor solution that explained Six adjectives loaded on a factor we labeled personality : generous 0. A second factor, appearance , included beautiful 0. Reliabilities for these factors were 0.
The adjectives funny and smart did not load onto any factor, and charming loaded weakly onto both personality and talented, so these three adjectives were not included in the analyses. Twenty-five adolescents in the sample generated adjectives of their own, but no single adjective was mentioned frequently enough for further analysis. Six generated characteristics were general e. Scores were computed by averaging item responses.
Although the scale specifically references PSI and emerged from research specific to parasocial processes in the context of media use, we refer to it as a measure of parasocial involvement because it includes questions that construe parasocial process in relationship terms e.
An exploratory principal axis factor analysis, direct varimax rotation SPSS , supported a one-factor solution, with factor loadings of 0.
Consent forms were distributed 2 weeks prior to data collection; participants completed assent forms. Surveys took approximately 45 min and were completed on paper during a min class period. Researchers were present to supervise and answer questions. Results are reported in three sections. Next, we described the types of relationships if any that adolescents reported imagining with their chosen media figures.
All analyses were conducted within the context of gender. Frequencies with which celebrity types were endorsed are displayed in Table 1. Our hypothesis that adolescents would endorse actors and singers at similar rates to young adults was not supported owing to the overwhelming tendency of adolescents to name actors. Media figures in other categories were infrequently named, as hypothesized. Boys, however, named athletes at similar rates to the adult sample from Boon and Lomore , although their study elicited dancers and ours did not.
Contrary to our expectation that adolescents would be solely focused on living stars, two adolescents 1. Lastly, as in the adult sample, few writers were named. Our rationale was that although writers are not performers like talk show hosts or comedians, they do provide entertainment without taking on other roles. TABLE 1. Frequencies of endorsement of celebrity type and parasocial relationship quality.
We next examined whether celebrity type related to the admired characteristics that adolescents associated with them. Our hypothesis that highly visible celebrities such as actors and singers would be admired for their appearance, and that athletes and non-artists would be endorsed for talent, was partially supported. We ran a MANOVA using celebrity type and gender as factors and the three characteristics personality, appearance, and talent as dependent variables.
No celebrity type by gender interactions emerged for admired characteristics. Of the adolescents who identified their favorite celebrities, Because of the age differences between adolescents and their favorite media figures, we hypothesized that a greater proportion of participants would conceptualize their favorite celebrities in hierarchical i.
However, significant gender differences emerged, albeit not in line with our expectations see bottom of Table 1. We hypothesized that girls would report higher rates of PSR i. Scores for the involvement and intensity variables fell in the lower half of the possible range, suggesting normative levels of engagement in parasocial activities.
TABLE 2. Overall means M and Standard deviations SD and Correlations between measures of parasocial processes within gender. Endorsement of personality as an admired characteristic was correlated with intensity, whereas involvement was positively correlated with sharing. Other correlations were unique within gender. For girls, significant positive correlations emerged among intensity and dedication and sharing but not between the latter two. Marginal positive correlations also emerged for boys between talent and involvement, and among intensity and dedication and sharing but again, not between the latter two.
To examine how admired characteristics, involvement, intensity, dedication, and sharing related to relationship types imagined with celebrities, we conducted a set of two-way MANOVAs using relationship type and gender as factors. The first MANOVA used the admired characteristics as dependent variables, the second used involvement and emotional intensity, and the third used dedication and sharing.
We used this approach rather than conducting a single analysis predicting all of the dependent variables at once because of sporadic missing data that reduced our sample size in a single MANOVA. Also, although unconventional, we present the main effects of PSR type for all the parasocial processes first, followed by the main effects of gender, and then present the single interaction that emerged.
With so little interaction between our independent variables, this presentation best illustrates the patterns of engagement in parasocial processes as a function of PSR type and of gender. However, as expected, significant main effects emerged for both parasocial involvement and emotional intensity in relation to PSR type. Our hypothesis that PSR type would be associated with parasocial activities was partially supported for dedication, not for sharing.
TABLE 3. Means and standard deviations and main effects of parasocial relationship type for parasocial processes. TABLE 4. Means and standard deviations and main effects of gender for parasocial processes. We expected that boys would appreciate talent in imagined mentors more than girls. TABLE 5. Means and standard deviations for talent as a function of PSR type and gender. The findings presented here illustrate a nuanced picture of parasocial processes in adolescence.
Our results also suggest avenues for future research related to the kinds of relationships imagined with celebrities and what role they might play in adolescent development. Most of the adolescents invited to participate in this study chose a favorite celebrity, and responses to our measures of involvement and emotional intensity in parasocial processes fell into a moderate range.
Adolescents reported thinking about and seeking information related to their favorite media figures maybe once a week or so, and few discussed these celebrities with real others. These results suggest that we accessed a normative form of this imaginative behavior that is consistent with a form of celebrity interest previously deemed developmentally appropriate for adolescents and unassociated with psychopathology Adams-Price and Greene, ; McCutcheon et al.
The celebrity types that adolescents chose differed somewhat from those chosen in research with undergraduates Boon and Lomore, Regardless, the results indicate that despite the ease with which adolescents could seek exposure to or information on media figures through the Internet, many teens prefer stars they see enacting roles on film or television.
The gender differences in celebrity types chosen by adolescents clearly suggest a greater focus on athletes among boys than girls. However, this discrepancy is worth further investigation given the connections that have emerged between parasocial processes and negative body image in adolescent and young adult women Maltby et al. For example, endorsements of talent were highest, on average, of the three categories of characteristics. As most adolescents chose actors and singers, a focus on physical appearance in addition to admiration of talent might be considered typical in adolescence.
To the extent that the emphasis on appearance is unassociated with athletes and general celebrities, an empirical question is whether the higher rates at which young adults chose media figures in these categories Boon and Lomore, might signal a small developmental shift away from appearance as a priority for parasocial activities over the course of adolescence into young adulthood.
These correlations corroborate previous work finding a greater association between parasocial interaction and social rather than physical attraction Rubin and McHugh, , as well as research showing that understanding the attitudes and behavior of a media figure i.
The majority of adolescents Those who did, regardless of the relationship type imagined, scored higher on measures of parasocial involvement and emotional intensity than the participants who thought of their favorite celebrities merely as such. What is more, as we hypothesized, adolescents who created egalitarian and to a marginal extent, hierarchical relationships with their favorite media figures also reported more dedication than did those adolescents whose favorite celebrities were seen as such.
These findings are consistent with the conceptual distinction between PSI and PSR Schramm and Hartmann, , in that adolescents who engaged in PSR seemed to spend more time thinking about and investing emotional energy into these imagined relationships—specifically, outside the time spent in media use—than adolescents who did not consider their favorite celebrities in relation to themselves.
One purpose for these PSR presented in the literature is that they might play a role in identity formation Adams-Price and Greene, ; Giles and Maltby, These relationships purposefully do not include reciprocity and are described as providing a safe forum for the adolescent to experiment with different ways of being.
Among those adolescents who conceptualized their favorite media figures in relationship terms, egalitarian and hierarchical relationships were reported with similar frequency although a significant gender difference emerged; see below.
These relationship types were not differentially associated with admired characteristics or the extent to which they were discussed with friends and family. Nevertheless, future research should attend to individual differences in the types of relationships imagined with media figures so as to establish whether these variations hold psychological or developmental significance. Boys and girls did not differ in the extent to which they reported involvement or emotional intensity in parasocial processes, nor did they differ on the extent to which they discussed their favorite celebrities with friends and family.
These findings run contrary to previous research that has suggested that parasocial processes are more intense among women than men, although much of this work emerged from undergraduate samples e.
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