Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Smallpox Vaccine. Minus Related Pages. On This Page. Smallpox Vaccine Side Effects The smallpox vaccine is safe, and it is effective at preventing smallpox disease. Common Side Effects of Smallpox Vaccine. Itching Swollen lymph nodes Sore arm from the shot Fever Headache Body ache Mild rash Fatigue tiredness Problems with the vaccination site blister, such as infection.
Serious Side Effects of Smallpox Vaccine. Heart problems Swelling of the brain or spinal cord Severe skin diseases Spreading the virus to other parts of the body or to another person Severe allergic reaction after vaccination Accidental infection of the eye which may cause swelling of the cornea causing watery painful eyes and blurred vision, scarring of the cornea, and blindness.
The most frequent mode of transmission was person-to-person, spread through direct deposit of infective droplets onto the nasal, oral, or pharyngeal mucosal membranes, or the alveoli of the lungs from close, face-to-face contact with an infectious person.
Indirect spread i. Symptoms of smallpox begin days range: after exposure, starting with a day prodrome of high fever, malaise, and prostration with severe headache and backache. This preeruptive stage is followed by the appearance of a maculopapular rash i. The rash appears first on the oral mucosa, face, and forearms, then spreads to the trunk and legs. Lesions might erupt on the palms and soles as well. Treatment includes drinking plenty of fluids and taking medicines to control pain and fever.
To prevent the spread of the virus, an infected person must be kept away from other people until he or she is no longer contagious. People who have survived smallpox cannot get it again. Also, there is a smallpox vaccine. It has vaccinia virus in it, which is like the smallpox virus but safer. If you get the shot before you've been exposed to smallpox, it will likely protect you for at least 3 to 5 years. And having a second shot later can protect you for an even longer period of time.
The shot works even if you don't get it in advance. Most people who get the smallpox shot within 3 days after they've been exposed to the virus will have no symptoms or will have symptoms that aren't as severe. Getting a shot 4 to 7 days after exposure may also help.
People who have very close contact with a person who has gotten a smallpox vaccine can get an infection from the virus used in the vaccine. The infection usually causes a minor skin rash and is not smallpox.
So the site where the smallpox vaccine was given should be covered until the scab falls off. In the past, when a smallpox infection was diagnosed, infected people were kept away from others to prevent the spread of infection. Everyone who might have been exposed to the virus was then vaccinated. This practice, called ring vaccination, played a key role in wiping out smallpox. Many experts think it would be better to carry out ring vaccination before mass vaccination if there were a case today.
Because there are risks of a serious reaction from the vaccine, routine smallpox immunization doesn't occur. All children and most adults in Canada and the U.
The Government of Canada has added at least 10 million doses of smallpox vaccine to its stock to help contain an outbreak. The smallpox vaccine is recommended for laboratory workers who handle the vaccinia virus, for members of smallpox response teams, and for certain people in the military. Symptoms include:. Death can result if the virus attacks the circulatory system, bone marrow or respiratory system. Smallpox has played an important role in the development of vaccination. Since ancient times, it was common knowledge that an infection with smallpox conferred lifelong immunity.
An 18 th century doctor, Edward Jenner, first discovered the key to immunising people against smallpox. Using a similar technique to that used by Jenner, researchers devised an effective smallpox vaccine based on a similar virus, called the vaccinia virus.
Different formulations of this vaccine were used until the s. In , the World Health Organisation mounted a major campaign to eradicate smallpox. Within 12 years, smallpox disease was eradicated. Smallpox has recently been assessed as a possible biological weapon that could be used in non-conventional warfare or in a terrorist attack.
Although this is believed to be unlikely, planning for such an eventuality has commenced worldwide. In Australia, a small amount of smallpox vaccine is available for essential medical personnel and contacts in the case of an outbreak. Immunisation has saved more lives this century than any other medical discovery, including antibiotics. Many infectious diseases have been contained by immunisation programs. For instance, cases of invasive haemophilus influenzae b Hib disease in Victoria have declined by more than 90 per cent since vaccination was introduced in Immunisation programs are one of the cheapest and most effective preventative measures against many infectious diseases.
The immunisations you may need are decided by your health, age, lifestyle and occupation. Together, these factors are referred to as HALO.
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